As reliability increases, the SEM will constrict and we can become more confident that an individual's observed score on the survey is indicative of their true score or ability. ![]() The SEM is like a " bell-curve" for an individual person's true ability that is based on the amount of error associated with the measure. There are statistical measures that assess the amount of measurement error in a survey, the reliability coefficient and the standard error of measurement (SEM). Thus, as measurement error increases, our ability to discern a precise measure of the individual's true ability is decreased. As scores fluctuate across homogeneous and heterogeneous populations, the fluctuation of scores occurs at random and is not fully indicative of the individual's true ability. ![]() This is assumption is fundamental because it allows researchers to surmise that increases or decreases in observed scores are caused by measurement error that is completely independent of the individual's true score or ability. A fundamental assumption of reliability is that measurement error is dispersed randomly within a given population. Measurement error plays a central role in understanding reliability.
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